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Consolatio (Cicero)
''Consolatio'' or "Consolation" is a lost work written by Marcus Tullius Cicero in the year 45 BC. The work had been written to soothe his grief after the death of his daughter, Tullia, which had occurred in February of the same year. Not much is known about the work, although it seems to have been inspired by the Greek philosopher Crantor's ancient work ''De Luctu'' ("On Grief"), and its structure was probably similar to a series of letter correspondences between Servius Sulpicius Rufus and Cicero.
Fragments of the work survive, having been quoted by Lactantius, and Jerome makes note of the work in a consolatory letter to Heliodorus of Altino. A popular piece of writing until its loss, the ''Consolatio'' is widely accepted as the distinct work that transmitted the earlier ''consolatio'' literary tradition to the Romans of the late Republic. In 1583, Italian scholar Carlo Sigonio claimed to have discovered a non-fragmentary version of the ''Consolatio'', although most scholars now agree that this work was either a fraud or a hoax, with modern stylometric methods seeming to back this up.
==Background==
Marcus Tullius Cicero (January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an Ancient Roman philosopher and politician, famous for his oratory skills. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators, and one of the premier prose stylists during the Golden Age of Latin.〔Rawson 1975, p. 303.〕〔Haskell 1964, pp. 300–301.〕 Tullia Ciceronis (August 5, 79 BC or 78 BC – February 45 BC), Cicero's daughter, died in the winter of 45 BC after giving birth to her second son; this caused Cicero to go into a period of deep mourning.〔Treggiari 2007 p. 13.〕〔Cole 2014, p. 1.〕
Cicero decided to stay with his friend Titus Pomponius Atticus for a time, during which he perused Atticus's library, reading any and all books that dealt with overcoming grief.〔MacKendrick 1989, p. 106.〕 Unsatisfied with what he found, he relocated to his villa at Astura, where he composed the ''Consolatio''. It was during this time that he also wrote the famed—and now lost—dialogue ''Hortensius''.〔 〕 Cicero later opined that the ''Consolatio'' was written in an attempt not only to heal himself emotionally, but also to benefit others who are mourning or experiencing sadness.〔Baraz 2012, p. 94.〕
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